The Tipulidae, commonly known as crane flies, are a family of insects within the order Diptera (true flies). Crane flies are a fascinating and diverse group of insects, with a unique lifecycle and an important ecological role in various habitats.
Here are some key points about them:
Appearance: Crane flies resemble large mosquitoes but are harmless to humans. They have long, slender bodies and extremely long legs. The wings are usually clear or slightly cloudy.
Diversity and Distribution: Tipulidae is a large family with over 15,000 species spread across the world. They are found in various environments from tropical rainforests to arid deserts.
Lifespan and Life Cycle: The lifespan of crane flies is quite short. Adult crane flies typically live only a few days, just long enough to mate and lay eggs. Their life cycle includes four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
Larval Stage: The larval stage, known as "leatherjackets," is more consequential than the adult stage. These larvae are found in moist soil and are known to feed on plant roots, sometimes causing damage to lawns and crops.
Adult Diet: Adult crane flies may not feed at all. Some species have vestigial mouthparts and cannot eat. Those that do feed usually consume nectar.
Ecological Role: Crane flies play a role in the ecosystem both as prey and as decomposers in their larval stage. Birds, fish, and other insects often feed on them.
Misconceptions: Due to their size and appearance, crane flies are often mistaken for giant mosquitoes and are incorrectly believed to bite humans, but they are completely harmless.
A regional or colloquial term for Crane Flies I heard while living in Arkansas was “Gal Getters”. In the springtime after church when the young girls were walking across the grass with their spring dresses. The crane flies would fly up their dresses and tickle them.